Impikiswano mayelana nokuthi ubuchwepheshe bushintsha kanjani indlela esiziphilisa ngayo isishintshe ekubeni indaba yesayensi eqanjiwe yaba ngokoqobo olubonakalayo emahhovisi eMadrid, eBarcelona, ​​​​naseSeville. Njengoba amathuluzi okukhiqiza ehlanganiswa empilweni yansuku zonke, ukungaqiniseki kuyakhula phakathi kwabasebenzi abesaba ukushintshwa yisofthiwe, yize isimo sinjalo. Kubonakala sengathi akulona neze ishwa lomsebenzi. okuseduze ngokusho kochwepheshe abadumile kakhulu kulo mkhakha.
Lokho esikubonayo akukhona nje ukunyamalala okukhulu kwemisebenzi, kodwa ukuhlelwa kabusha okujulile kwendwangu yebhizinisi lapho abantu besenezwi lokugcina. Esikhundleni sokuphonsa ithawula, ochwepheshe abaningi bathola ukuthi la mathuluzi angaba abasizi babo abangcono kakhulu ukususa imisebenzi ekhathazayo kakhulu futhi ugxile kulokho okwengeza ngempela inani, okushintsha umdlalo emikhubeni yokuqasha yanamuhla.
Isimo sezibalo emakethe yaseSpain
Uma sibheka idatha kazwelonke, imibiko yakamuva evela ezinhlanganweni ezifana neFuncas idweba isithombe esibuhlungu kodwa esinethemba. Kulinganiselwa ukuthi ukuzenzakalela kungaqeda imisebenzi ephakathi kwezigidi ezingu-1,7 nezingu-2,3 eSpain eminyakeni eyishumi ezayo, okuthinta kakhulu izindima zokuphatha nezobuchwepheshe ezisezingeni eliphakathi. Kodwa-ke, akuzona zonke izindaba ezimbi, njengoba ukuvela kwemisebenzi emisha eyizigidi ezingu-1,6 esasingakwazi ngisho nokukucabanga ngaphambili.
Ukwamukelwa kwalobu buchwepheshe eSpain kukhulu kakhulu ezinkampanini ezinkulu, lapho cishe ingxenye yazo isivele ifake izinqubo ezihlakaniphile. Noma kunjalo, inselele isekhona emabhizinisini amancane naphakathi nendawo (ama-SME), akha ingxenye enkulu yomnotho wethu futhi lapho Igebe lamakhono edijithali libonakala kakhuluNgokuthakazelisayo, naphezu kokwesaba, izinkampani ezenze intuthuko kwezobuchwepheshe zibone umkhiqizo wazo ukhuphuka ngo-27%, okuvame ukuholela ekuncintisaneni okukhulu ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
Asikwazi ukunganaki ukuthi intsha izwa umthelela wokuqala kakhulu, ikakhulukazi emikhakheni efana nokuthuthukiswa kwesofthiwe yezinga lokuqala. Idatha ikhombisa ukuthi izikhundla zezinga lokuqala zihlupheka kakhulu, njengoba i-AI ingaphinda ulwazi olulula lwezemfundo, kuyilapho ulwazi kanye nokuhlakanipha kwamaqhinga Izisebenzi ezingochwepheshe zisalokhu ziyindawo evikelekile okunzima kakhulu ukuthi noma iyiphi i-algorithm iyinqobe.
Amalungelo kanye nokuvikelwa ngokomthetho ngokumelene ne-algorithm
Ibhekene nalokhu kuthuthukiswa, iYurophu ithathe isinyathelo esiqinile sokuqinisekisa ukuthi akekho oshiywa engavikelekile. Ukuqala kokusebenza kwe-European Artificial Intelligence Regulation (AI Act) kwenza kucace ukuthi impilo yomuntu yobungcweti ayikwazi ukushiywa ngaphansi komshini. Inkampani ayivunyelwe ukwenza kanjalo. ukuxosha isisebenzi ngokusekelwe kuphela ku-algorithmkodwa kumele kube khona njalo ukuqondiswa komuntu kwangempela nokubhalwe phansi ukuqinisekisa leso sinqumo.
Umthetho waseSpain, oqiniswa yi-Workers' Statute kanye ne-Rider Law, udinga izinkampani ukuba zicace ngendlela ezisebenzisa ngayo la mathuluzi ukuhlola ukusebenza noma ukwabela imisebenzi. Kubalulekile ukuthi abasebenzi bazi ukuthi banayo ilungelo lokuthola izincazelo eziqondakalayo mayelana nendlela uhlelo olubanika amaphuzu olusebenza ngayo, ngaleyo ndlela kugwenywe ukucwasa noma ukubandlulula okungase kwenzeke uma ubuchwepheshe budlangile ngaphandle kokulawula.
Ngisho nasendaweni yokuqapha, njengokusebenzisa idatha ye-biometric noma ukuqashelwa kobuso ukuqapha amahora okusebenza, umthetho awuguquki: ubumfihlo buza kuqala. Ukusetshenziswa kwalezi zinhlelo kumele kube kufanelekile ngokuphelele futhi kuyalinganaNgakho-ke, noma yisiphi isizathu sobuchwepheshe asisebenzi ekuqapheni umzuzwana ngamunye wokuphila kwesisebenzi, ikakhulukazi endaweni lapho ukusebenza ngocingo kuye kwafiphaza imingcele yobumfihlo.
Ukuhlaziywa kabusha kwesici somuntu namakhono athambile
Ngokumangalisayo, lapho ubuchwepheshe buqhubeka busizungezile, kulapho silahlekelwa khona kakhulu yisici somuntu. Izinkampani seziqala ukufuna ngokukhulu ukushesha lokho okubizwa ngokuthi "isisebenzi esixubile": umuntu owaziyo ukusebenzisa i-AI kodwa, ngaphezu kwakho konke, onayo uzwela kanye namakhono okucabanga ngokujulile Okungavamile. Isidingo sokuhlakanipha ngokomzwelo emisebenzini sikhuphuke kakhulu, sidlula ukwanda okungu-170% eminyakeni yamuva nje.
Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi, nakuba umshini ungakhiqiza umbiko ngemizuzwana, awukazi ukuthi ungabuza kanjani imibuzo efanele noma uqonde umongo wezepolitiki noma wemizwa wengxoxo. Ubuciko, hhayi ukuthi busongelwe, sebuyindawo ephephile. Njengamanje, Ukwazi ukuthi ungahlela kanjani akusabalulekile kangako njengoba kwakunjalo ngaphambili, njengoba i-AI yenza kube lula leyo ngxenye yobuchwepheshe, ivumela ochwepheshe ukuthi bagxile emasu nasekuthathweni kwezinqumo zokuziphatha.
Emakethe yemisebenzi yaseSpain, lobu buchwepheshe bukhokhelwa kahle kakhulu. Labo abanekhono lokuhlanganisa izinqubo ezihlakaniphile babona amaholo abo ekhula kakhulu, kanye amaholo asukela kuma-euro angu-55.000 kuya ku-65.000 ukwenyuka kwaminyaka yonke ezikhundleni zobuchwepheshe. Ngisho nasezikhundleni ezivamile, ukwazi kahle la mathuluzi kungasho ibhonasi yomholo efika ku-25%, okubonisa ukuthi ukuqeqeshwa kuyindlela engcono kakhulu yokutshala imali yokugwema ukusala ngemuva.
Ukuya emodelini entsha yobuholi nokuqeqeshwa
Abaphathi bezinsizakusebenza zabantu kanye nabaphathi nabo babhekene nokuhlolwa kwabo kweqiniso. Akusanele ukubheka nje izitifiketi ku-resume; okubalulekile manje ikhono lokufunda okuqhubekayo kanye nokuzivumelanisa nezimo. Imodeli yakudala yokuqedela iziqu nokungaphinde uvule incwadi isiphelelwe yisikhathi, inika indawo umqondo wokufunda okuqhubekayo ukuze uhlale unolwazi ngezibuyekezo zobuchwepheshe ezivela cishe njalo ngeviki.
Ngisho nabantu abanjengoSam Altman, ungqondongqondo we-OpenAI, bavumile ukuthi babenephutha ngokubikezela ukuwa kwemisebenzi yamahhovisi ngokushesha. Iqiniso likhombisile ukuthi Ukuxhumana phakathi kwabantu kusalokhu kungenakuthathelwa indawo emisebenzini eminingi yokusebenza. Abantu basakhathalela ukwazi ukuthi ngakolunye uhlangothi lwe-imeyili noma udaba olubalulekile kukhona umuntu oqonda izinkinga zakhe futhi onganikeza izixazululo ezenzelwe yena ngokwakhe.
Lesi simo siphoqa ukuthi sicabange kabusha ngohlelo lwemfundo, kusukela emanyuvesi kuya ekuqeqeshweni kwemisebenzi. Iziqu ezithile zobuhlakani bokwenziwa kanye nokuphepha kwe-cyber ziyavela, kodwa isihluthulelo sangempela kuzoba ukuhlanganisa la makhono kuzo zonke izigaba. Ekugcineni, okuzonquma impumelelo akukhona ukuthi i-AI ingcono kunathi, kodwa ukuthi sizivumelanisa kahle kangakanani nezimo. Siyakwazi ukuhola lolo shintsho ubuchwepheshe ngokuzibophezela nangokucabanga.
Naphezu kwezibalo ezibonisa izigidi zemisebenzi eshintshiwe, imakethe yezabasebenzi yaseSpain ikhombisa ukuqina okukhulu kanye nokuzivumelanisa nezimo, okuyimbangela yokuzola. Isihluthulelo sokubhekana nalolu shintsho asisikho ekwenqabeni inqubekela phambili, kodwa ekusebenziseni i- ukukhiqizwa okuthuthukisiwe kanye namalungelo amasha izinhlaka zomthetho zokwakha indawo yokusebenza esebenza kahle kakhulu lapho ithalente lomuntu, hhayi ukunyamalala, lithuthukiswa ngamakhono emishini.